Direct and Indirect Narration

Direct Speech : When we talk among ourselves, at least two men are required, one person who speaks, that is 'speaker' and the other person hears the speaker means 'listener'. In the English language, when the words told by the speaker are written as it is, called direct speech or direct narration[जब हम आपस में बात करते हैं, तो कम से कम दो लोगों की आवश्यकता होती है, एक व्यक्ति जो बोलता है, वह है 'स्पीकर' और दूसरा व्यक्ति जो सुनता है, अर्थात 'श्रोता'। अंग्रेजी भाषा में, जब वक्ता द्वारा बताए गए शब्दों को ज्यों का त्यों लिखा जाता है, तो इसे Direct Speech या Direct narration कहा जाता है।].Example :

Ram said to Raman, "I am not your friend."

Seeta said, "I am very happy today."

Indirect Speech: The method of revealing the speaker in his own words without saying the actual words is called Indirect speech or indirect narration.[वक्ता के वास्तविक शब्दों को न कहकर उसकी बात को स्वयं के शब्दों में को प्रकट करने की विधि कोIndirect Speech या Indirect Narration कहा जाता है।]Example :

Ram told Raman that he was not his friend.
Seeta said that she was very happy that day.

👉Common Rules for Direct to Indirect conversion👈

The following rules should be noted while changing direct to indirect :-

We remove inverted commas("") in indirect speech.[Indirect speech में inverted commas को हटा देते है।]
We also remove comma(,) that comes after reporting verb.[Reporting verb के बाद आने वाले comma को भी हटा देते है।]
Use a suitable connective ( conjunction i.e. that, if, whether etc.).[किसी उचित connective (conjunction जैसे - that, if, या whether आदि ) का उपयोग करते है।]
Change the Reporting Verb according to the sentiment of Reported Speech in told, asked, ordered, requested, exclaimed, proposed, suggested, advised etc.[Reporting verb को Reported Speech के भाव के अनुसार told, asked, ordered, requested, exclaimed, proposed, suggested, advised आदि में बदल देते है।]
while changing into indirect, always write first letter of Reported speech in small case letter(excluding I and proper noun).[Direct से Indirect बनाते समय Repored Speech का पहला अक्षर small case letters में लिखते है किन्तु I और Proper Noun को ज्यों का त्यों रहने देते है।]
Generally, verbs, pronouns and word expressing nearness are changed during conversion.[सामान्यतयः verbs, pronouns तथा निकटतासूचक शब्दों को परिवर्तित कर दिया जाता है।]

👉Let us understand Reporting verb and Reported Speech with an example :-

Changing Direct Speech into Indirect Speech(Assertive Sentences)

👉Changing in Verb👈

👉Rule No. 1 : If the reporting verb is in the present tense or future tense, the tense of the verb in reported speech does not change.[यदि Reporting verb - Present Tense (वर्तमान काल ) या Future Tense (भविष्यत् काल ) में है तो Reported Speech के Verb का Tense नहीं बदलता है।]Example :

1️⃣ Direct : Radhe says, "Sweta is going to the playground."
Indirect : Radhe says that Sweta is going to the playground.

2️⃣ Direct : Teacher will say, "His brother is a good boy."
Indirect : Teacher will say that his brother is a good boy.

3️⃣ Direct : Shruti says to me, "She has done her work."
Indirect : Shruti tells me that she has done her work.